MAPS AS INSTRUMENTS OF POWER AND THE EMERGENCE OF TACTILE MAPS: A CRITICAL AND INCLUSIVE PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Maps, as instruments of power, refer to the historical use of cartography to define territorial, political, and economic dominance, generally serving as a tool to exercise control, delimit borders, and establish authority. Conversely, the emergence of tactile maps symbolizes an inclusive evolution of cartography, aimed at meeting the needs of individuals with visual impairments. This study aimed to analyze the historical role of maps as instruments of power and territorial control, highlighting the emergence of tactile maps as an inclusive tool. The methodology consisted of a bibliographic research with a qualitative approach, using books and scientific articles available on research platforms and databases, such as the UFSC Journal Portal, FURGS Journals, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications in Portuguese. The results demonstrated the dual historical role of maps as instruments of power and as inclusive methodologies in contemporary times, emphasizing the emergence of tactile maps. Historically, cartography was used by the State to determine territorial, political, and economic control, reflecting power interests and structuring spatial perceptions. However, the introduction of tactile maps represents a significant transformation, promoting the democratization of geographical knowledge and the inclusion of students with visual impairments. It is concluded that tactile maps are adapted resources that allow for the inclusion of all students in the classroom, whether or not they have a disability.