RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN POST-SURGICAL PATIENTS IN BRAZIL

Abstract

The relationship between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular risk factors in post-surgical patients has gained prominence due to the systemic repercussions caused by chronic periodontal inflammation. Periodontitis is characterized as an infectious and inflammatory disease capable of stimulating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators into the bloodstream, thereby promoting endothelial changes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular complications. In this context, the following question was raised: how does the systemic inflammation generated by periodontal disease affect the prognosis of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery? The general objective of the research was to analyze the relationship between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular risk factors in post-surgical patients, investigating the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and their systemic implications. Specific objectives included identifying the main risk factors associated with the progression of periodontal disease, understanding the influence of chronic inflammation on cardiovascular changes, and discussing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in preventing postoperative complications. The methodology adopted was a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive literature review. The bibliographic search was conducted using scientific databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, utilizing scientific articles, systematic reviews, and observational studies published between 2020 and 2026. The results demonstrated that periodontal disease exerts a significant influence on the cardiovascular system, promoting an increase in inflammatory mediators and a greater predisposition to adverse cardiovascular events. It was also found that appropriate periodontal treatment contributes to reducing the systemic inflammatory burden and improving the clinical prognosis of patients with heart disease.