EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PNEUMONIA CASES IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY: DATA ANALYSIS FROM 2020 TO 2025

Abstract

This study addresses the epidemiological profile of pneumonia cases in the São Francisco Valley: an analysis of data from 2020 to 2025. Pneumonia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, and this study aims to analyze how epidemiological data from DATASUS reflect the impact of the disease in the region and contribute to understanding the dynamics of hospitalizations and local mortality. The primary objective is to analyze the epidemiological profile of pneumonia (hospitalizations, deaths, and case fatality rate, according to sex and age group) in the São Francisco Valley, using DATASUS data, to support the relevance of this study. The proposed methodology consists of a descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative study, using secondary data from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) for the São Francisco Valley from 2020 to 2025. The numbers of hospitalizations, deaths, and case fatality rates were analyzed. The results suggest the need to strengthen primary prevention strategies, especially pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in children and the elderly, as well as to improve primary health care in the region, aiming at early detection and appropriate outpatient management, thereby reducing avoidable hospitalizations. It is important that future studies incorporate temporal trend analyses using regression methods, include data from the private healthcare sector, stratify by etiology, and assess the impact of vaccination coverage on regional indicators. Thus, it was possible to identify disparities in the dynamics that characterize the São Francisco Valley region.