IMPACTS OF EXTREME DROUGHTS AND FALLING RIVER LEVELS ON LOGISTICS IN THE AMAZON: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Extreme droughts and periods of receding river levels have become increasingly frequent events in the Amazon, significantly impacting regional logistics and the socioeconomic development of the state of Amazonas. Given the heavy reliance on waterborne transport for the movement of people, goods, and inputs, falling river levels directly compromise navigability, community supplies, and the functioning of production chains. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to analyze the impacts of extreme droughts and receding river levels on logistics in Amazonas, identifying key consequences for river transport, regional supply, and economic activities. The research is characterized as a basic bibliographic review employing a qualitative approach and having exploratory and descriptive objectives. Scientific articles, books, technical reports, and institutional documents published between 2015 and 2025 were consulted across national and international databases. The results showed that intensifying droughts have reduced river navigability, caused delays in cargo transport, increased logistics costs, and created supply difficulties for municipalities dependent on the waterway network. It was also found that strategic sectors, such as the Manaus Industrial Pole, suffer impacts resulting from the interruption or restriction of the flow of inputs and products. Furthermore, riverside communities face greater difficulties in accessing essential services during dry seasons. The study concludes that strengthening logistics infrastructure, expanding hydrological monitoring, and implementing climate adaptation strategies are crucial for enhancing the resilience of Amazonas in the face of challenges posed by extreme droughts and climate change.