VIOLENCE IN BRAZILIAN AND AMAZONIAN FOOTBALL: AN ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZED FAN GROUPS AND PUBLIC SECURITY IN STADIUMS

Abstract

Violence in Brazilian football transcends the sporting sphere and consolidates itself as a complex public security problem, demanding a legal and social analysis of the efficacy of state and sports containment mechanisms. The objective of this study is to analyze violence in Brazilian and Amazonian football, with emphasis on the role of organized supporters groups and their effects on public security in stadiums. The theoretical framework is based on the sociological matrices of the civilizing process of Elias and Dunning and the tribalism of Maffesoli, combined with the doctrine of Sports Law. The research is characterized as exploratory and descriptive, with a qualitative approach and deductive method, using bibliographic and documentary research procedures, with mapping of judgments from the Superior Sports Justice Tribunal and the Sports Justice Tribunal of Amazonas. The results reveal the structural paradox of sports sanctioning: the massive application of objective liability to clubs and the imposition of merely spatial penalties protect offenders under the anonymity of the crowd, generating a migration of conflict to urban public streets. It was also found that the technological innovations of the General Sports Law (Law nº 14.597/2023) face severe implementation barriers in the regional Amazonian context. It is concluded that the mitigation of violence does not depend on legislative expansion, but on effective technological, logistical and preventive coordination between clubs, Sports Justice and state security agencies, aiming to overcome impunity through the individualization of criminal conduct.