HIV INCIDENCE IN THE STATE OF PARAÍBA: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS FROM 2023 TO 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a significant public health problem in Brazil, requiring continuous epidemiological surveillance and effective prevention and control strategies. Despite advances in public policies and treatment, the increase in new cases in certain regions still represents a relevant challenge. In this context, understanding the epidemiological behavior of HIV in the state of Paraíba becomes fundamental to supporting health actions. Objective: To analyze the incidence of HIV in the state of Paraíba from 2023 to 2025, from an epidemiological approach. Methodology: This is an epidemiological, ecological, retrospective, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out based on secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), available in DATASUS. Variables such as year of notification, sex, age group, race/color, education level, and distribution by health regions were analyzed. The data were organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using descriptive statistics, being presented in tables and graphs. Results: The data indicated a total of 1,508 reported cases in the analyzed period, with the highest concentration in the years 2023 and 2024 and a reduction in 2025. A predominance of cases was observed in males, in individuals who self-identified as mixed-race, with a higher frequency among young and middle-aged adults, especially in the 20-49 age range. Regarding education, a higher occurrence was noted among individuals with completed secondary education. Final considerations: It is concluded that HIV remains a significant public health challenge in Paraíba, with unequal distribution among population groups. The results highlight the need to strengthen public policies, expand prevention actions, and improve the quality of healthcare. The role of nursing in promoting health education, early diagnosis, adherence to treatment, and addressing social stigma is emphasized.