TROPICAL VIRAL DISEASES: CLINICAL ANALYSES AND CONTROL STRATEGIES

Abstract

Gastrointestinal viral infections, particularly those caused by hepatitis A virus, rotavirus, and norovirus, represent significant public health concerns, especially in regions with inadequate sanitation and limited access to safe drinking water. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between these viral infections and environmental factors, with emphasis on water quality, sanitation, and hygiene practices, considering both Brazilian and global epidemiological contexts. This is a narrative literature review based on scientific articles retrieved from SciELO and PubMed databases, using descriptors related to gastrointestinal viral infections and environmental determinants of transmission. The findings demonstrated a strong association between the occurrence of these infections and poor sanitation conditions, with contaminated water identified as the main transmission route. A higher concentration of studies focused on rotavirus, followed by hepatitis A and norovirus, with most research conducted in socioeconomically vulnerable regions. Despite advances in vaccination and public health policies, these infections remain significant causes of morbidity, particularly among vulnerable populations. It is concluded that addressing these diseases requires intersectoral approaches integrating health, sanitation, and education policies, aiming to reduce inequalities and promote health equity.