PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AND THE ROLE OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the prognostic factors and the role of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in the treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), highlighting the clinical and therapeutic implications of these variables, using a systematic review approach. Methodology: A literature review was conducted covering publications from the last 23 years (2000-2023), using the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The descriptors used were "acute myeloid leukemia," "prognosis," and "hematopoietic stem cell transplantation," in articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. After applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected for analysis. Results: The results indicate that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are the most commonly used treatments and demonstrate a satisfactory percentage of patient survival. Final considerations: Thus, the best results of cell therapy in the treatment of AML patients are evident, with the performance of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, there is still a need for research to advance knowledge regarding genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to AML, relating them to the physical, psychological, and social factors of patients, and to reduce the disparity in access to such treatments among patients.