EFFECT OF NEUROMODULATION ON MOTOR, PSYCHOLOGICAL, COGNITIVE, FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS, AND PAIN PERCEPTION IN VARIOUS CLINICAL CONDITIONS

Abstract

Neuromodulation is a therapeutic technique that acts directly on the nervous system—cenNeuromodulation is a non-invasive, reversible, and adjustable therapeutic technique that acts directly on the nervous system by modulating neuronal activity. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical effects of electromagnetic neuromodulation in patients treated at a neurological clinic in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil, between 2013 and 2023. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and retrospective study based on the analysis of electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia, depression, and chronic pain who underwent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Variables such as demographic data, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic protocols, stimulation parameters, and number of sessions were considered. The results indicated significant benefits, including pain reduction, mood improvement, cognitive enhancement, and functional recovery. Patients with fibromyalgia showed decreased pain perception and increased pain tolerance after tDCS. Individuals with depression experienced mood improvement and reduced anxiety symptoms with TMS. In cases of chronic pain, neuromodulation proved effective as an adjuvant therapy. It is concluded that neuromodulation is a promising and safe therapeutic strategy with potential for integration into multidisciplinary approaches, although further studies are needed to expand the validity of the findings.