HERPES ZOSTER: RECOMBINANT SUBUNIT VACCINE AS PROPHYLAXIS AND ITS PUBLIC HEALTH OUTCOME - A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Herpes zoster (HZ) results from the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), predominantly affecting elderly individuals due to immunosenescence. One of the most debilitating complications is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which compromises quality of life and overburdens healthcare systems. Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological impact of the recombinant herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) in the prevention of acute illness and management of chronic complications. Methodology: Literature review based on clinical trials, controlled and/or randomized clinical trials, and case reports published between 2018 and 2025 in the PubMed and BVS databases, totaling a selection of 31 articles. Results: RZV demonstrated vaccine efficacy greater than 90% in individuals over 50 years of age, maintaining stable protection for up to 9 years. In immunocompromised and frail patients, the vaccine showed a high safety profile and cellular immunogenicity. The incidence of PHN was reduced by up to 100% in specific subgroups. Although local reactogenicity is frequent (73%), serious adverse events were rare and comparable to placebo. Conclusion: The implementation of RZV represents a strategic advance in public health, promoting active aging, reducing hospitalizations, and mitigating pharmacological dependence for the management of chronic pain.