KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: RISK FACTORS AND DIAGNOSIS OF REJECTION OF RENAL ALLOGRAFT

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the main public health problems in Brazil. The high prevalence of this disease is the result of a set of factors, mainly associated with lifestyle and underlying diseases. This pathology occurs progressively, with lesions that impair kidney function and, as it progresses, the patient needs to resort to Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT). Although it is a highly rigorous monitoring procedure, cases of renal allograft rejection, which are rare, cannot be ignored, as they are linked to uninvestigated rejection risk factors and surgical complications. This is an integrative literature review, adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), between 2018 and 2024, with articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, delimited by searching with Boolean operators and descriptors in health sciences. There is a perceived need to obtain mechanisms that assess the unsuitability for donation and incompatibility of the recipient, as well as to obtain techniques for analyzing risk factors, epidemiological analysis, laboratory tests, and imaging to verify the predisposition to renal allograft rejection, aiming for a safer transplant.