THE OFF-LABEL USE OF GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS FOR AESTHETIC WEIGHT LOSS

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists were initially developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by promoting satiety and delaying gastric emptying. There has been a noticeable expansion in the use of these medications for exclusively aesthetic purposes, transcending their original indications. This study aims to analyze the risks and adverse reactions resulting from the use of GLP-1 analogs for weight loss without medical supervision. The methodology employed consists of a literature review research. An increasing pattern of off-label use was identified, particularly among young eutrophic women, with 35% of prescriptions intended for aesthetic purposes. The main documented risks include severe gastrointestinal reactions (nausea in 42%, vomiting in 28%), pancreatitis (2.3%), cholelithiasis (4.1%), and loss of muscle mass (38%). Social media emerged as the main dissemination vector, with terms such as "Ozempic face" reaching millions of mentions. Significant consequences include drug shortages for patients with legitimate indications and overload on healthcare systems. The aesthetic use of GLP-1 analogs constitutes a multifactorial public health problem, requiring integrated approaches that include regulatory strengthening, effective educational campaigns, and professional accountability to ensure the rational and safe use of these medications.