Pets in enclosed public spaces: A public health alert

Abstract

In recent decades, the relationship between humans and pets has intensified, making pets affectionate and central members of family life. This closeness has had a direct impact on social practices, such as the increasingly common presence of dogs, cats, and other domestic animals in enclosed public spaces, such as shopping malls, restaurants, supermarkets, clinics, and even government offices. The debate surrounding the presence of domestic animals in enclosed and communal spaces involves diverse perspectives, including emotional, cultural, legal, and health aspects. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to analyze the public health risks associated with the presence of pets in enclosed public spaces. Specific objectives include: understanding the main factors contributing to the growing presence of pets in communal spaces; identifying the health and epidemiological risks of this practice; and reflecting on the role of the State and legislation in regulating this coexistence. This research is characterized as basic in nature, with a qualitative approach, based on bibliographic research. The data sources consulted were SciELO and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria adopted covered publications published in the last ten years, in Portuguese, with recognized scientific relevance and free access to the full text. The conclusion is that, despite the normalization of the presence of animals in indoor environments, such as stores, restaurants, government offices, and public transportation, there are still significant gaps in the regulation and oversight of this practice. Furthermore, the lack of clear hygiene protocols, vaccination requirements, and preventive biosafety measures can transform what should be a gesture of inclusion and affection into a concrete risk to public health. Existing health regulations are insufficient or unspecific, failing to keep pace with the ongoing social transformation. Zoonoses, allergic reactions, and environmental contamination are just some of the problems highlighted, the consequences of which can be amplified in enclosed and communal spaces.