EFFICACY OF SUNSCREENS IN THE PREVENTION OF SKIN CANCER: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Skin cancer is the most prevalent type of neoplasm worldwide, resulting from the abnormal growth of skin cells, usually induced by excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Early detection and prevention—especially through the use of sunscreens combined with reduced sun exposure—are essential for disease control. This study aimed to analyze the available evidence on the effectiveness of sunscreens and to identify factors that influence their efficacy in primary prevention, including application methods, frequency of use, and individual behavior. Studies involving populations with distinct genetic and cultural backgrounds were also considered to enable a comparative analysis of effectiveness across different population groups. The methodology consisted of a literature review conducted in the PubMed and Virtual Health Library (BVS) databases, resulting in the inclusion of 25 articles after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that the impact of preventive strategies is significantly greater when directed toward children with limited access to information, and that interventions implemented in high-risk settings are more effective when behavioral approaches are combined with structural changes. Although the use of sunscreens is widely recognized as an effective measure for preventing skin cancer, certain evidence still requires broader dissemination and systematic integration into clinical practice. Various strategies identified in the reviewed studies demonstrate sustained long-term efficacy, reinforcing the importance of their incorporation into established preventive practices.