ANALYSIS OF THE DOCTRINAL GAP AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RISKS IN THE ACTIONS OF THE FIRST RESPONDER IN INCIDENTS INVOLVING EXPLOSIVES IN BRAZIL

Abstract

The role of the first responder is a fundamental factor in Brazilian public safety, where the initial response to incidents involving explosives defines the preservation of lives and damage control. This article analyzes the doctrinal deficiencies and psychophysiological impacts on these professionals' performance in Brazil, investigating the relationship between the absence of specific protocols and the increased risk to health and operational efficacy. Methodologically, a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive research approach was adopted, based on a systematized literature review and document analysis, cross-referenced with frameworks from public safety, neurophysiology, and emergency psychology. The results demonstrate a severe gap in basic police training, with a lack of instruction on Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). It was identified that the hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis degrades perceptual accuracy. In the Brazilian context, it was observed that the lack of standardization in Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) creates legal uncertainty and excessive dependence on specialized units. The study concludes that modernizing the field requires the immediate integration of tactical doctrine and mental health, ensuring that responders have psychophysiological support to manage decision paralysis and technical isolation protocols.