BASIC EDUCATION IN TIMES OF GLOBALIZATION: TENSIONS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PEDAGOGICAL CHALLENGES

Abstract

This article critically examines the impacts of globalization on basic education, considering its social, political, cultural, and pedagogical dimensions in the contemporary context. Based on bibliographic research and analysis of documents from national and international organizations, the study shows that globalization profoundly influences educational systems, producing both advancements and challenges. Among the positive aspects are the increased access to knowledge, the use of digital technologies in the teaching-learning process, the development of global competencies, and the strengthening of international cooperation. However, the results also point to significant negative effects, such as the deepening of educational inequalities, digital exclusion, cultural homogenization, and the pressures exerted by large-scale assessment models. The study shows that such impacts are not distributed equally, being conditioned by socioeconomic and institutional factors. It concludes that globalization requires political and educational responses that reconcile global integration with the appreciation of local contexts, educational equity, and the provision of quality basic education that is socially relevant and committed to the comprehensive development of students.