INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE DYNAMICS OF DENGUE IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ANGRA DOS REIS - RJ DURING THE 2024 EPIDEMIC

Abstract

Dengue fever is a highly relevant arboviral disease for public health, influenced by environmental, climatic, and socioeconomic variables. In tropical regions such as Brazil, the combination of disordered urbanization and favorable meteorological conditions intensifies the proliferation of Aedes aegypti. This study analyzed the correlation between the incidence of dengue fever in Angra dos Reis (RJ) and climatic variables (precipitation, average temperature, and relative humidity) during 2024, aligning with SDG 3 – Good Health and Well-being. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using secondary data from the Municipal Health Department (11,676 confirmed cases) and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). Pearson's correlation test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were applied using R software (v.4.3.1). Cases were concentrated in central and peripheral districts with sanitation deficiencies. A positive and significant correlation was identified between rainfall and incidence (r = 0.78; p < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.52-0.91), with temperature showing a moderate association (r = 0.50; p < 0.05). Precipitation and temperature explained 67% of the total variance (CP1: 45%; CP2: 22%). It is concluded that climatic and urban factors strongly influence dengue transmission, indicating the need for integrated local strategies for entomological surveillance, vector control, and sanitary planning. The results support adaptive surveillance strategies linked to SDG 3 – Good Health and Well-being.