PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE ON THE USE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE REGENERATION AFTER IMPACTED THIRD MOLAR SURGERY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is one of the most significant neurosensory complications associated with impacted mandibular third molar extraction, potentially resulting in temporary or permanent sensory deficits with substantial functional and psychosocial consequences. Despite advances in surgical techniques, conventional therapeutic approaches for neural repair remain limited and unpredictable. In this context, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising regenerative strategy due to their differentiation potential, neurotrophic factor secretion, immunomodulatory effects, and angiogenic properties. This systematic review aimed to critically analyze preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the use of MSCs for inferior alveolar nerve regeneration following impacted third molar surgery. Experimental and clinical studies assessing histological, electrophysiological, and functional outcomes were included. The findings demonstrate that MSC-based therapies enhance axonal regeneration, remyelination, modulation of neuroinflammation, and sensory recovery. Despite methodological heterogeneity and limited clinical trials, the evidence suggests strong translational potential. It is concluded that MSCs represent an innovative and biologically grounded approach for IAN repair, with promising perspectives for future clinical application.