BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING FOR THE HEALTH OF THE MOTHER/CHILD DYAD

Abstract

Introduction: Breastfeeding plays a fundamental role in promoting the health of both mother and child, providing essential nutrients, strengthening the infant’s immune system and protecting against diseases such as diarrhea and pneumonia. It also benefits maternal health by reducing postpartum hemorrhage and decreasing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer, while fostering mother–infant bonding. In Brazil, despite progress, exclusive breastfeeding rates remain below the World Health Organization targets. According to the National Survey on Infant Feeding and Nutrition (ENANI-2019), by 2025 at least 50% of infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months, with continued breastfeeding up to two years or beyond. Public health campaigns developed by the Ministry of Health aim to encourage breastfeeding practices by offering support and promoting maternal well-being. Objective: To identify the main benefits of breastfeeding for the health of mothers and infants. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review developed to answer the guiding question: How does breastfeeding contribute to maternal and infant health in the postpartum period? Data were collected from the SciELO, BVS, and LILACS databases between October and November of the current year, including free-access articles published in Portuguese and English from 2020 to 2025. The evidence was organized in summary tables and analyzed in light of relevant literature. Results: Seven studies were included, demonstrating the nutritional, immunological, psychological and social benefits of breastfeeding. Among the most relevant findings were reductions in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, lower prevalence of chronic diseases and the strengthening of the mother–infant bond. For women, benefits included decreased risk of postpartum hemorrhage, breast and ovarian cancer, as well as metabolic and emotional advantages. Conclusion: Breastfeeding should be understood not only as an individual choice but as an essential public health strategy for human development and social well-being. Promoting, protecting and supporting breastfeeding are crucial components of maternal and child health policies.