OCCUPATIONAL RISKS OF NURSES IN PRE-HOSPITAL CARE (PHC)

Abstract

This paper examines occupational risks faced by nurses in prehospital care (PHC), focusing on biological, chemical and physical exposures, ergonomic load, workplace violence, and traffic events. An integrative review (2020–2025) was conducted using PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar. Findings show frequent sharps and body-fluid incidents, mental health strain linked to extended shifts and assaults, and musculoskeletal injuries from handling patients and equipment. Underreporting and uneven adherence to safety protocols are recurrent. Effective measures combine engineering controls (transfer devices and appropriate stretchers), work organization (staffing, breaks, rotation), simulation-based training, well-fitted PPE, violence protocols and post-event support. Ongoing indicator monitoring, blame-free reporting and coordination among services, occupational health and local management are recommended. The review consolidates recent evidence and outlines practical steps to reduce harm while sustaining care quality in prehospital settings.