POWER FLOW REVERSAL RESULTING FROM THE EXPANSION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION IN BRAZIL: POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF SOLID-STATE TRANSFORMERS

Abstract

The rapid expansion of distributed generation (DG), especially through photovoltaic systems, has caused power flow reversal in several sections of Brazilian distribution networks, a phenomenon for which traditional electrical infrastructure was not designed. This scenario creates technical and operational problems, such as voltage variations, overloads, additional losses, and degradation of power quality, affecting both utilities and consumers. The objective of this study was to analyze, through a literature review, the impacts resulting from power flow reversal and to evaluate the potential application of solid-state transformers (SSTs) as a technological solution to mitigate these effects. The methodology consisted of selecting and analyzing articles published between 2011 and 2025, including studies by Morais (2020), Godoi (2018), Rodrigues et al. (2016), and Pontes (2024). The results show that the measures currently adopted by utilities are palliative and, in some cases, restrict renewable energy production. It is concluded that SSTs have high applicability and technical feasibility to correct problems associated with power flow reversal and power quality, presenting themselves as a promising alternative to replacing conventional transformers in scenarios of high DG penetration.