MULTIFACTORIAL PANORAMA OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN BAHIA: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE WITH TEMPORAL CUT (2010–2022)

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affecting global public health, being associated with high morbidity, mortality, and significant costs to health systems. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the state of Bahia between 2012 and 2021. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, and analytical study with a quantitative approach, classified as ecological-descriptive, using secondary mortality data (SIM) and hospitalization records (SIH/SUS) accessed through DATASUS/TabNet, as well as reports and bulletins from the State Health Department. Data were extracted according to age group, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, and place of occurrence. Results: From 2012 to 2021, a total of 52,307 deaths related to diabetes mellitus were recorded in Bahia, representing an increase in mortality rates over the period, with peaks in 2020 and 2021 and a slight decrease between 2014 and 2015. Deaths were more frequent in individuals aged 60–69 years (48.2%), among women (55.5%), with a rate of 38 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, brown-skinned individuals (“pardo”) accounted for most cases (55.2%), and hospital settings represented the most common place of death (63.9%). Conclusion: T2DM has a significant impact on mortality in Bahia, reflecting inequalities related to sex, race/ethnicity, age group, and socioeconomic conditions. It is necessary to strengthen municipal surveillance and integrate data from Hiperdia and Primary Health Care. Collaborative and interprofessional actions are also essential to foster patient empowerment, glycemic control, and comprehensive health promotion.