THE JAGUAR IN THE EYES OF SOCIETY: THREATS, VALUES AND MEANINGS

Abstract

Inserted in the Amazon biome, Rondônia presents characteristics of a dense forest and is home to one of the greatest biodiversities on the planet. However, for more than a century, it has been harmed, directly impacted, and its biodiversity oppressed by human actions (urban expansion and consequent deforestation). These impacts threaten wildlife, especially top predator species such as the jaguar (Panthera onca), considered a critical predator that helps maintain ecological balance by controlling other animal populations within the Amazon ecosystem. Habitat loss and fragmentation create lower connectivity among populations, which in turn leads to a greater likelihood of genetic isolation or local extinction. Beyond ecological aspects, the species also holds powerful cultural and symbolic significance in Amazonian societies, where it is regarded as a symbol of power and spirituality. This study examined the sociocultural and symbolic perception of wild species by residents of various municipalities in the state of Rondônia. The research is descriptive and exploratory, with both quantitative and qualitative approaches, aiming to understand society’s perception of the jaguar in Rondônia (RO), as well as to analyze general societal perceptions through international comparisons without the manipulation of controlled variables. The sample included 100 individuals from diverse age and educational backgrounds, of whom (83%) lived in urban areas and (17%) in rural areas. Results show that (88%) consider the jaguar to be at risk of extinction and (84%) associate its preservation with direct benefits to society. Most participants (60%) identify it as a representative of environmental harmony, although (57%) do not recognize the notion of an umbrella species. The greatest threats mentioned were habitat loss (55%) and illegal hunting (36%). Environmental awareness is considered high, but only (31%) reported engaging in any conservation activity, demonstrating a gap between perception and action. It was found that, for knowledge to be translated into conservation actions, especially in rural areas with high levels of conflict between humans and large predators, it is necessary to strengthen environmental education efforts.