MATERNAL AND FETAL COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a highly prevalent metabolic condition associated with significant repercussions for both maternal and fetal health. It is estimated that this condition affects up to 25% of pregnancies worldwide, making it a topic of considerable clinical and public health relevance. Objective: This study aims to analyze the main maternal and fetal complications related to GDM through a systematic literature review. Matherials and methods: This is a systematic review based on scientific articles published between 2019 and 2025 in the SciELO, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. The descriptors “gestational diabetes,” “maternal complications,” and “fetal complications” were used in both Portuguese and English. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that GDM is associated with adverse maternal outcomes such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and an increased need for cesarean deliveries. An association was also observed between GDM and the later development of type 2 diabetes in the offspring, as well as macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and neonatal jaundice. Summary: It is concluded that numerous morbidities are associated with GDM, and that early detection and strict glycemic control during pregnancy are essential to reducing the risks of maternal–fetal morbidity and mortality.