VAGINAL PROLAPSE IN POSTPARTUM COWS: A CASE REPORT

Abstract

Vaginal prolapse in cows is a reproductive disorder of clinical and economic relevance, most frequently observed at the end of gestation and during the peripartum period. It is characterized by partial or total protrusion of the vaginal wall, which may compromise the mucosa and predispose the animal to secondary infections. The etiopathogenesis involves multiple predisposing factors, including excessive straining during parturition, the presence of large fetuses, pelvic floor weakness, nutritional deficiencies—particularly of calcium and phosphorus—genetic predisposition, and hormonal changes that affect the muscular tone of the pelvic region. The present study was conducted based on the observation and analysis of a clinical case of vaginal prolapse in a cow during the postpartum period, taking into account the animal’s reproductive history, body condition, diet, and zootechnical management adopted on the farm. Treatment varies according to the severity of the condition and may include manual repositioning of the mucosa followed by retention sutures, or, in more severe and irreversible cases, humane euthanasia. In the reported case, treatment through manual repositioning and retention sutures resulted in satisfactory clinical progress, with full recovery and maintenance of reproductive function. It is concluded that early diagnosis and proper clinical intervention are key determinants for a favorable prognosis of this condition. Furthermore, preventive measures based on balanced nutrition, mineral supplementation, and careful genetic selection are essential to reduce the incidence of vaginal prolapse and optimize the reproductive efficiency of cattle herds.