NON-INVASIVE VENTILATION IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN PATIENTS WITH AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, resulting in muscle weakness and atrophy. Among the most common complications in patients with ALS are respiratory disorders, especially during sleep, due to respiratory muscle weakness. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) has emerged as an important intervention to improve alveolar ventilation, reduce hypercapnia, and alleviate symptoms related to sleep-disordered breathing. The use of NIV has significant benefits in the quality of life and survival of patients with ALS. This literature review explores the application of NIV in patients with ALS and sleep disorders, highlighting the clinical implications and observed results. Objective: To demonstrate the benefits of home noninvasive mechanical ventilation on sleep quality in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through a literature review. Method: This is a literature review based on articles published in the PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs and Google Scholar databases, addressing the use of NIV in patients with ALS and sleep-disordered breathing. Results: This literature review analyzed 38 scientific articles with the aim of understanding the impact of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and obstructive sleep apnea. The studies included in the research were selected for their relevance, covering different narrative and systematic reviews, observational studies, clinical trials and institutional guidelines. Resulting in a total of 16 articles. Conclusion: Physiotherapy practice ranges from choosing the best interface, adjusting ventilatory parameters and guiding patients and family members, to managing complications and promoting complementary respiratory rehabilitation strategies. Therefore, the use of non-invasive ventilation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis should not be seen only as a technical resource, but as an integral part of a humanized approach, centered on the patient's quality of life and dignity.