REMINERALIZATION AND DEMINERALIZATION OF DENTAL ENAMEL IN CHILDREN: RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Abstract

This study focused on the processes of enamel remineralization and demineralization in children, emphasizing risk factors and preventive strategies related to dental caries. The general objective was to analyze these processes and identify effective preventive methods for promoting children’s oral health. This is a narrative literature review, conducted between March and September 2025, with searches in databases such as SciELO, PubMed, BVS/LILACS, Frontiersin, and Google Scholar, using descriptors in Portuguese and English. A total of 18 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were included, addressing risk factors, remineralizing agents, and caries prevention. The results showed that fluoride remains the gold standard in caries prevention, but alternatives such as biomimetic hydroxyapatite, CPP-ACP, bioactive nanomaterials, and even dietary agents (such as cheese and red algae) demonstrate promising potential. The role of diet, supervised oral hygiene, and the rational use of non-acidic pediatric medications were also highlighted. It is concluded that effective prevention of enamel demineralization and promotion of remineralization in children depend on the integration of clinical, educational, and social measures, prioritizing personalized strategies based on scientific evidence.