HEALTH CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication, difficulties in interaction, and repetitive and restrictive behaviors. In the Brazilian context, the Unified Health System is the main provider of care for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, with Primary Health Care serving as the entry point for reception, screening, and follow-up. However, challenges persist related to professional training, early detection, lack of specialized services, and regional inequalities that compromise the continuity of care. Thus, the objective was to analyze scientific evidence on the care provided to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This is an integrative literature review based on a descriptive and critical analysis of data, aiming to synthesize the main evidence and identify strategies for improving services. The research revealed progress in early diagnosis and in the implementation of intervention strategies for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, especially in urban areas. However, structural challenges remain, such as regional inequalities, a shortage of trained professionals, overload in specialized services, and weaknesses in continuous follow-up. It is observed that caregiver training, the use of alternative communication methods, and early intervention are key elements for effective care, although still limited to specific contexts. It is concluded that overcoming these gaps requires more consistent public policies, national screening protocols, expansion of the service network, and intersectoral integration to ensure comprehensive, equitable, and humanized care for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their families.