NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS CAUSED BY DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Dengue, caused by the DENV virus and transmitted by Aedes aegypti, is one of the most prevalent arboviral diseases worldwide. In addition to its physical symptoms such as fever and muscle pain, this infection can lead to neuropsychiatric manifestations, including anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and, in severe cases, mania and psychosis. These complications may occur during both the acute phase of the disease and the recovery period, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Studies indicate that between 60% and 90% of patients experience anxiety and depression symptoms during the acute phase of dengue, while about 5% to 15% develop persistent depressive disorders. Case reports highlight post-dengue manic episodes characterized by hyperactivity, insomnia, delusions, and behavioral changes. These symptoms are believed to be related to the body's inflammatory response, blood-brain barrier damage, and potential direct effects of viral infection on the central nervous system. Neurotoxic inflammation induced by cytokines, associated with an exacerbated immune response, can lead to neurotransmitter alterations, impacting the mental health of infected individuals. Therefore, expanding epidemiological surveillance, researching dengue's neuropathogenic mechanisms, and implementing public policies for proper patient care are crucial. Recognizing dengue’s neuropsychiatric complications is essential to improving diagnosis and disease management, reducing its long-term impact on mental health.