VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR AGAINST ALLERGIES: EVIDENCE AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

Vitamin D is known for its role in bone metabolism, but its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions are being investigated in atopic diseases. Evidence suggests that its supplementation may influence conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, as well as immunological markers. This review analyzed recent evidence on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in atopic diseases, aiming to contribute to clinical implications and future research. An integrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and BVS databases with the descriptors “Vitamin D,” “supplementation,” and “allergy.” Articles published between 2019 and 2024, freely accessible and classified as clinical trials, were included. Duplicates and irrelevant studies were excluded. The analysis of 25 articles indicated benefits of supplementation in specific cases, particularly as an adjuvant therapy. However, many studies found no significant effects. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the severity of certain conditions, but strategies such as sun exposure and dietary interventions showed greater preventive potential. In conclusion, supplementation benefits specific subgroups, such as pregnant women with severe deficiency and children with viral wheezing, but its effects remain inconsistent in general populations. Future studies should explore molecular mechanisms and tailor treatments for individualized care.