IMPACT OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS ON THE RAPID DETECTION OF VIRAL MENINGITIS

Abstract

This article investigates the impact of molecular diagnosis on the rapid detection of viral meningitis. The general objective is to assess how molecular techniques, especially real-time PCR, contribute to faster and more accurate identification of the disease. Specific objectives include describing the molecular methods used, comparing response times between conventional and molecular tests, verifying the sensitivity and specificity of the tests, and evaluating the clinical impact of early diagnosis. The methodology adopted was an integrative literature review with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative), based on articles published between 2015 and 2025 in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases. Forty studies were selected that address clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and etiological agents of viral meningitis. The results indicate that molecular tests, such as RT-PCR and multiplex panels, offer greater sensitivity and speed compared to conventional methods like viral culture and serology. The response time for molecular tests ranges from 1 to 6 hours, while conventional ones can take up to 10 days. The application of these methods enables more effective clinical interventions, shorter hospital stays, and rational use of antimicrobials.