SUPPLEMENTATION IN OLD AGE: A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO NUTRITION AND HEALTH IN AGING

Abstract

Aging is a natural and irreversible process that causes physiological, biochemical and behavioral changes that substantially impact the nutritional status of elderly people. Factors such as loss of muscle mass, decreased appetite, difficulty in absorbing nutrients and prolonged use of medications increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies and harm overall health in this age group. In this scenario, nutritional supplementation is an effective approach to correct deficiencies, prevent diseases, strengthen the immune system and improve quality of life. This work, through an integrative review of the literature, investigates the main supplements used in old age — including vitamins D and B12, calcium, omega-3, proteins and probiotics — their proven benefits and the risks associated with inappropriate use. It also highlights the essential role of pharmacists in assessment, safe prescription and health education, ensuring ethical, effective and personalized supplementation. It is concluded that, although supplementation is beneficial, it should always be based on scientific evidence, professional monitoring and appropriate regulations.