DOUBLE MARGINALIZATION: THE SITUATION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AND THE IMPACT OF GENDER ON THE BRAZILIAN LABOR MARKET

Abstract

This article analyzes the insertion and working conditions of persons with disabilities (PwD) in the Brazilian labor market, with a special focus on the intersection between disability and gender. Using data from the 2022 Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) on PwD by IBGE, the research reveals that the inclusion of PwD is a structural challenge, marked by significant disparities in labor force participation and wage discrimination. The average national loss of participation for PwD in general is 56%, and the loss of average income is 31.1% compared to persons without disabilities. The intersectional analysis demonstrates that the situation is aggravated for women with disabilities, who face a double marginalization: their occupation rate is only 22.4%, and their average income is 34% lower than that of women without disabilities and 47% lower than that of men without disabilities. These findings suggest that low insertion and job precarity are not merely reflections of individual barriers but are rooted in historical models of exclusion (such as the medical model of disability), neoliberal policies that accentuate labor precarization, and the persistent sexual and inter-regional division of labor. The study concludes that effective inclusion requires the articulation of labor rights and the simultaneous combat of all forms of discrimination.