SUGARY BEVERAGES, SODIUM, AND FOOD ADDITIVES: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE IMPACTS OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS ON BRAZILIAN PUBLIC HEALTH

Abstract

This article aims to provide a critical review of studies that analyzed the presence of sugars, sodium, and food additives in beverages and ultra-processed products available in the Brazilian market. The methodology adopted was qualitative, based on bibliographic research, with a comparative analysis of national and international scientific articles published in recognized journals, complemented by guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). The results showed that 35% of nectar samples did not report sugar content, while soft drinks presented averages of 17.6 g per 200 mL, a value close to the daily limit recommended by WHO. Regarding sodium, studies revealed that 67% of processed foods exceeded 210 mg per serving, and 20% of children’s products surpassed safety limits. Furthermore, all children’s foods analyzed contained at least one additive, such as artificial colorants and preservatives, which have been linked to health risks. The discussion highlighted labeling deficiencies, the influence of child-targeted advertising, and social inequalities in access to healthy foods. It is concluded that reducing the consumption of ultra-processed products requires integrated actions among academia, government, and civil society to promote healthier eating habits and mitigate the impact of non-communicable chronic diseases.