THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN MENTAL HEALTH: RECENT EVIDENCE

Abstract

The relationship between diet and mental health has been the subject of growing scientific attention, reflecting the complex interactions between diet, neurobiological processes, and psychological well-being. This integrative review aimed to analyze recent evidence on the impact of dietary patterns and specific nutrients on the prevention and management of psychiatric disorders in adults. Fifteen studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included, including clinical trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews. The findings indicate that balanced diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, and dietary patterns rich in plant-based foods, polyunsaturated fatty acids, B vitamins, and bioactive compounds are associated with reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety, in addition to promoting psychological well-being. In contrast, Western dietary patterns, characterized by high consumption of ultra-processed foods, sugars, and saturated fats, are associated with a higher risk of mental disorders. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involve modulation of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and the gut-brain axis. It is concluded that nutrition constitutes a strategic component in promoting mental health, reinforcing the need for nutritional interventions integrated with health policies and multidisciplinary clinical practices.