EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS IN THE NORTH: ANALYSIS BETWEEN 2020 AND 2025

Abstract

Congenital syphilis (CS) is an infection caused by vertical transmission of Treponema pallidum, representing a relevant public health issue in Brazil. Despite the availability of rapid diagnostic tests and the proven effectiveness of penicillin, incidence rates remain high, especially in the North Region, where access to healthcare is limited. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of CS in the North of Brazil from 2020 to 2024, identifying factors related to its persistence. It was designed as an ecological, quantitative, and descriptive study using secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN/DATASUS). Variables such as maternal age, educational level, prenatal care, partner treatment, pregnancy outcome, and timing of diagnosis were analyzed. A total of 10,266 cases were confirmed. Pará reported the highest number of notifications (4,839), followed by Amazonas (1,860). The majority of mothers were young (20–24 years, 3,653 cases) and of brown skin color (8,228), indicating social inequalities. Although 8,421 pregnant women attended prenatal care, 38% of partners were not treated, favoring reinfection. Additionally, 3% of newborns were diagnosed late, reducing therapeutic effectiveness. There were 139 deaths and several stillbirths/miscarriages, reinforcing clinical severity. The persistence of CS is associated with social inequities, prenatal care failures, and lack of partner treatment, highlighting the need for more effective public policies.