SARCOPENIA, FRAILTY AND THE GERIATRIC POPULATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Sarcopenia and frailty, common syndromes in hospitalized elderly individuals, pose a significant challenge. Both are characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, aggravated by the stress of hospitalization and poor nutrition. Nutritional intervention is emerging as a crucial therapeutic strategy to mitigate these conditions. Early nutritional assessment is essential to identify risk. Therapy should be high-calorie and high-protein, with a special focus on high-biological-value proteins rich in leucine, such as whey protein, to stimulate muscle synthesis. Supplementation with vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and creatine has also been shown to be beneficial. A multidisciplinary approach that combines nutrition with physical exercise, especially resistance exercise, is essential to optimize results. In cases of severe malnutrition, enteral or parenteral nutritional support may be necessary. Implementing robust nutritional protocols in the hospital setting is vital to improve functional recovery, reduce complications, and shorten hospital stays, positively impacting the elderly's quality of life.