PHARMACOGENETICS OF ADHD: INFLUENCE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY ON TREATMENT RESPONSE ACROSS DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

Abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presents significant clinical variability, affecting children and adults with different levels of functional impairment. Although pharmacological treatment is generally effective, therapeutic outcomes vary considerably among patients. This study aimed to analyze the impact of genetic variability on the pharmacological response in ADHD, based on scientific evidence published in the last five years. A narrative literature review was conducted using inclusion criteria focused on methodological quality, clinical applicability, and recency. The findings showed that specific genetic variants influence both the efficacy and side effects of commonly used medications such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine. Challenges to clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics were also noted, particularly regarding test standardization, cost, and professional training. It is concluded that tailoring treatment based on the patient's genetic profile is a feasible strategy, provided that it is guided by clear clinical criteria and adequate institutional support.