PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL PROPOLIS-BASED PRODUCTS

Abstract

Propolis is a natural substance rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Its composition varies according to local flora, reinforcing its therapeutic potential and the importance of valuing natural products. This study aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition of three commercial propolis-based products. The methodology included the phytochemical characterization of the commercial products, two obtained from hydroalcoholic extracts (A1 and A2) and one from aqueous extracts (A3), using qualitative colorimetry and precipitation reactions. The products were evaluated for the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, and steroids, including saponins. Regarding the type of propolis used, only products A2 and A3 mention the use of green propolis extracts. The products showed variation in phytochemical composition. Product A1 tested positive for all metabolites evaluated. No tannins were detected in products A2 and A3. In product A3, which is aqueous in nature, no alkaloids and steroids/triterpenes were identified either. The results contribute to the understanding of the variability in the composition of propolis and can serve as a basis for future studies focusing on standardization, safety and characterization of natural products.