ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND HEAT SYNCHRONIZATION IN CATTLE

Abstract

This study explores artificial insemination combined with estrus synchronization protocols in cattle, emphasizing its role in improving reproductive efficiency on the farm. Initially, it introduces the technique and sets the objective of examining hormonal effects on estrous cycle synchronization. The methodology involves a systematic literature review, selecting scientific articles on hormonal protocols—such as GnRH, progesterone, and prostaglandins—published since 2018. Results indicate that protocols like Ovsynch and its variants, including selective GnRH or long-acting progesterone, enhance conception rates and reduce reliance on visual estrus detection. Additionally, factors such as body condition and ultrasonography usage further improve outcomes. The conclusion highlights that combining hormonal technologies with proper management can boost productivity and shorten calving intervals, enabling better reproductive control. This study provides technical and practical insights beneficial to bovine reproduction professionals, with a direct impact on farm efficiency and sustainability.