NURSING CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and language, as well as repetitive behaviors and limited interests and activities. Law No. 12,764 of 2012 recognizes autism as a disability for all legal purposes, ensuring specific rights for individuals with ASD through public policies. In this context, the nurse plays a fundamental role in the early identification of autism signs in children. Objective: To analyze the nursing care provided to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), considering their clinical manifestations and individual particularities, with a focus on early diagnosis and family support. Methodology: This study consists of a literature review, guided by the following research question: What type of nursing care is provided to children with mild Autism Spectrum Disorder? Data were collected and analyzed based on sources from the Virtual Health Library (BVS), including databases such as LILACS, SCIELO, BDENF, and MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria were defined as follows: only articles published between 2019 and 2024, covering a five-year period; publications had to be available in Portuguese or English and include at least one of the search terms in the title or abstract, besides being freely accessible online. Exclusion criteria ruled out studies not meeting the inclusion criteria, as well as academic works such as monographs, reports, and dissertations. Searches and data collection were conducted using the following Health Science Descriptors (DeCS): Nursing Care; Child; Autism Spectrum Disorder, with the Boolean operator AND. After this phase, critical analysis of the articles and discussion of the results took place simultaneously. Data collection involved full reading of all selected articles, considering relevant aspects such as objectives, results, and explanations provided by the authors. Results: ASD involves developmental limitations in children, highlighting the importance of early interventions and multiprofessional teamwork. The nurse plays a crucial role in health promotion, education, and inclusion, especially in the school environment. Despite advances, challenges remain, such as lack of technical training, particularly in Primary Care. Psychiatric reform and Law No. 12,764/2012 reinforce the need for humanized and integrated care. Continuous monitoring and family support are fundamental, requiring adequate working conditions and ongoing professional training. Conclusion: The development of nursing in mental health, particularly regarding ASD, represents progress toward integral and humanized care. The nurse’s role encompasses clinical, educational, and social dimensions, promoting inclusion and development. Professional training and effective public policies are essential to ensure ethical, quality care, providing adequate support to patients and families, thus consolidating inclusive assistance.