IMPACTS OF CORTISOL LEVELS ON MENTAL HEALTH AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Abstract

Introduction: Cortisol or "stress hormone" is produced in the adrenal glands (specifically in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis). It is the main endogenous human glucocorticoid that is secreted in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and is essential for life. This hormone acts by regulating a wide variety of metabolic, immunological, and homeostatic functions and also plays a fundamental role in regulating social behavior. Objective: To describe the impact of cortisol levels on mental health and the immune system. Methodology: This work is an integrative review of the literature. In this research, the libraries used for the search were: the Virtual Health Library (BVS), through the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs) database; and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (ScIELO). The following criteria were adopted for excluding articles: Articles that are not in Portuguese or English, Paid or incomplete articles, and Integrative Reviews, Theses, Dissertations, Monographs that do not address the subject. Results and discussion: After searching the databases, 8 articles were selected to conduct the results and discussions. The scientific literature indicates a strong correlation between high levels of cortisol and the development of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Regarding the immune system, the research analyzed pointed to a more faithful relationship between cortisol and inflammation. Conclusion: In conclusion, cortisol, an essential glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, is essential for several physiological processes. Its release is intrinsically regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, governing the circadian rhythm and activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis complex, a vital neuroendocrine system responsible for the response to stress and maintenance of homeostasis.