APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HUMAN IDENTIFICATION IN FORENSIC DENTISTRY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Human identification is a fundamental pillar of forensic odontology, playing a crucial role in solving forensic cases. Traditional methods rely on the comparative analysis of ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records but face challenges related to data availability and quality, as well as the time and expertise required from specialists. This study aims to analyze the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in forensic odontology, evaluating its potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of human identification processes. The research is based on a review of recent literature regarding the use of machine learning algorithms and neural networks in the analysis of dental records. The effectiveness of these systems is compared to traditional methods, considering their advantages and limitations. AI has shown great potential in human identification, enabling automated analysis of dental images for pattern recognition, estimation of individual characteristics (such as sex and age), and matching between ante-mortem and post-mortem records. This technology reduces analysis time, minimizes human error, and increases the accessibility of forensic processes. However, challenges such as data standardization and the need for robust algorithm training still need to be addressed. The implementation of AI in forensic odontology represents a significant advancement in human identification, providing greater accuracy and speed. However, to ensure its effectiveness and reliability, it is essential that future studies refine existing models and establish standardized guidelines for its forensic application.