CLINICAL AND OBSTETRIC PROFILE OF WOMEN WITH HYPERTENSIVE SYNDROMES DURING PREGNANCY AND THEIR IMPACT ON NEONATES IN A HOSPITAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CASCAVEL-PR

Abstract

Pregnancy, although natural, can present complications that configure high-risk pregnancy, compromising maternal and fetal health. In Brazil, gestational hypertensive syndromes (GHS) are among the main causes of mortality and severe maternal morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical and obstetric profile of pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertensive syndromes (GHS) who had their deliveries performed at Hospital São Lucas, in Cascavel-PR, in 2023, as well as to evaluate the neonatal repercussions at birth. METHOD: This is an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, carried out through the analysis of medical records of pregnant women diagnosed with GHS at the aforementioned hospital. The data collected included maternal, obstetric and newborn characteristics. RESULT: A total of 1,545 medical records of patients who delivered at Hospital São Lucas in 2023 were analyzed. Among these, 88 (5.7%) cases were diagnosed with gestational hypertensive syndromes. A higher prevalence was observed in the age group between 25 and 34 years. Most pregnant women did not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs and had no previous chronic comorbidities. Regarding gestational characteristics, the following predominated: adequate prenatal care, multigravida, full-term gestational age, and singleton pregnancy. The most prevalent form of GHS was preeclampsia, and the most frequent route of delivery was cesarean section. Regarding newborns, the majority had adequate weight for gestational age (AGA) and the most observed Apgar score was ≥ 7 at the 1st and 5th minutes. One neonatal death was recorded and 6 newborns required support in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). CONCLUSION: GHS constitutes a condition of high risk to maternal and fetal health, as demonstrated by the findings of this study. Adequate prenatal care was associated with better perinatal outcomes, evidenced by the predominance of neonates with adequate weight for gestational age and the low occurrence of serious complications. However, the incidence of prematurity and the need for intensive neonatal support highlight the importance of early diagnosis and adequate management. The study contributes to the understanding of the impact of GHS and reinforces the need for preventive strategies and continuous care for maternal and child health.