LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY VERSUS OPEN SURGERY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON COMPLICATIONS AND FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY

Abstract

Cholecystectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures, and is widely indicated for the treatment of gallstones and related conditions. With the advancement of minimally invasive techniques, laparoscopy has become the preferred approach due to its lower complication rate, faster functional recovery, and shorter hospital stay when compared to open surgery. This systematic review analyzed 25 studies published between 2013 and 2023, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria. The results show that laparoscopy reduces postoperative complications (8% vs. 15% in open surgery), decreases postoperative pain, and enables faster recovery, including in the elderly and patients with complex biliary conditions. Studies such as those by Buia et al. (2018) and Nielsen et al. (2020) reinforce these benefits, while Klein et al. (2023) demonstrate its safety in higher-risk populations. The analysis suggests that laparoscopy improves clinical outcomes and optimizes hospital resources. However, methodological limitations and gaps in specific subgroups indicate the need for further research. It is concluded that laparoscopy should be the preferred technique in cholecystectomy, with continued investment in professional training and infrastructure to expand its application and public health benefits.