GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE AND PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC PERFORMANCE: SCOOPING REVIEW

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, whether related or not, are subject to the appearance of a condition called GVHD (graft-versus-host disease). In this condition, the donor's bone marrow cells or stem cells attack the recipient. GVHD can occur acutely or chronically, affecting different regions of the body, with the lung region being one of the most severely affected. Pulmonary complications can cause great functional loss and potential progression to death. Therefore, an accurate approach is essential to ensure the quality of life of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the existing gaps in the physiotherapeutic approach to pulmonary GVHD and highlight the importance of specific interventions to improve the quality of life of patients. METHODOLOGY: This exploratory review verified the literature available until June 2024, accessing databases such as Scielo, PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies that address pulmonary GVHD and its physiotherapeutic interventions were analyzed. RESULTS: Pulmonary GVHD is diagnosed through imaging tests, pulmonary function tests, and clinical evaluation. These tools not only help identify the condition, but also assess and monitor the effectiveness of proposed interventions. Physiotherapy interventions can begin specifically after diagnosis, using resources aimed at pulmonary rehabilitation and improving the patient's quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Physiotherapy plays a fundamental role in the rehabilitation of patients with pulmonary GVHD, helping to mitigate adverse effects and improve patients' functionality and quality of life. However, there are still significant gaps in the therapeutic approach that need to be addressed. Investments in research and the development of specific protocols are essential to optimize treatment and provide more effective and patient-centered care.