INFLUENCE OF VAGINAL MICROBIOME ON PREGNANCY: ASSOCIATION WITH PRETERM BIRTH AND OBSTETRIC INFECTIONS

Abstract

The vaginal microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining female reproductive health, predominantly consisting of Lactobacillus spp. in healthy women. However, alterations in this balance, known as dysbiosis, can lead to various obstetric complications, such as preterm birth and urinary tract infections. Scientific evidence suggests that vaginal dysbiosis can impact the immune response of pregnant women, increasing the risk of adverse events like preterm birth, a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The association between vaginal dysbiosis and preterm birth has been widely studied, with pathogens such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium species shown to trigger local inflammatory responses, leading to premature rupture of membranes and early labor. Factors such as age, antibiotic use, hygiene, and hormonal changes during pregnancy can influence the vaginal microbiome, making it susceptible to pathogenic colonization. The review aims to explore the link between vaginal microbiome disturbances and obstetric complications, with a focus on preterm birth, to provide insights into potential preventive and therapeutic strategies.