SURGICAL APPROACH TO SUPPURATIVE APPENDICITIS

Abstract

Introduction: Suppurative appendicitis is a complication of acute appendicitis, characterized by perforation of the vermiform appendix and development of a local or generalized infectious process. Surgical treatment of suppurative appendicitis is essential to control the infection, prevent complications, and ensure patient recovery. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the different surgical approaches used in the treatment of suppurative appendicitis, as well as the outcomes and complications associated with each of them. Objective: The systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize the available scientific evidence on the different surgical approaches for the treatment of suppurative appendicitis, focusing on the outcomes and complications associated with each technique. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was performed, following the recommendations of the PRISMA statement. The PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases were used to search for articles published in the last 10 years. The following descriptors were used: "appendicitis", "suppurated", "surgery", "laparoscopy" and "open". The included studies were those that evaluated the surgical approach for suppurative appendicitis in adults, with experimental or observational design. Studies with animals, narrative reviews and case studies were excluded. Results: The search resulted in a total of 15 articles, of which 9 were included in the final analysis. The results demonstrated that laparoscopy is the most commonly used approach for the treatment of suppurative appendicitis, presenting shorter hospital stay, less postoperative pain and better aesthetic results compared to the open approach. However, in cases of suppurative appendicitis with diffuse peritonitis or periappendiceal abscesses, the open approach may be more indicated. The most frequent postoperative complications were surgical wound infection and abdominal collections. Conclusion: Suppurative appendicitis is a condition that requires urgent surgical treatment. Laparoscopy is the preferred approach, offering several benefits to the patient. However, the choice of surgical technique must be individualized, taking into account the characteristics of each patient and local conditions. Prevention of postoperative complications and adequate patient monitoring are essential to ensure a good result.