THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE DISREGULATORS ON CRYPTORCHISM

Abstract

Cryptorchidism, a condition characterized by the absence of one or both testicles descending into the scrotum, is considered a common congenital urogenital anomaly, present in 1 to 9% of full-term births. The condition is considered a risk factor for infertility and testicular cancer. Although it is a pathology without an exact defined cause, genetic factors and those associated with maternal habits during the prenatal period predispose to the condition. In this sense, endocrine-disrupting substances such as organophosphorus pesticides, diethylstilbestrol, bisphenol A, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls, phytoestrogens, vinclozonyl, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and perfluoroalkylated substances are associated with the risk of developing cryptorchidism due to their ability to alter the hormonal environment during pregnancy. This review examined the impact of exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors and their effects during the gestational period in order to assess the potential for developing cryptorchidism. Although some studies have revealed a correlation with the pathology, it is advisable to carry out additional studies, since the condition is made up of several variables, especially genetic ones.