PATIENT IN SHOCK: CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF CLINICAL MANAGEMENT AND THERAPEUTIC INSTITUTION

Abstract

Introduction: Establishing policies and protocols for the care of critically ill and urgently ill patients optimizes the efficiency of health services. Proper management of patients in shock, a serious clinical condition with a high mortality rate, is essential for a good prognosis for these patients. Objective: To explore the different types of shock, their characteristics and clinical profiles, diagnosis and treatment. Methodology: This is a literature review carried out on the following scientific article platforms: PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS and the Virtual Health Library. Result: Shock can be classified as hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive and distributive, based on the pathophysiological mechanism, and the main clinical signs include hypotension, oliguria and mental changes. Since this is a medical emergency, appropriate treatment should be administered as soon as possible and involves volume replacement, oxygen therapy, antibiotics, use of vasopressors and correction of acid-base balance. Fluid replacement is essential in hypovolemic shock, while in septic shock, surveillance is crucial to avoid fluid sequestration. Oxygen therapy aims to improve oxygen saturation, and drugs such as dopamine and norepinephrine help maintain blood pressure. Constant monitoring and early intervention are essential for the patient's survival.